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Updated: May 4, 2026

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
Published on: November 18, 2022
Impedance matching of a coaxial antenna for microwave in-situ processing of polluted soils
Mario Pauli1, Thorsten Kayser1, Werner Wiesbeck1
1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Elektronik, Kaiserstrassle 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract:
The present paper is focused on the minimization of return loss of a slotted coaxial radiator proposed for a decontamination system for soils contaminated by volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds such as oils or fuels. The antenna upgrade is achieved by coating it with a 5 mm thick Teflon layer. The electromagnetic characteristics reflection coefficient and power density distribution around the antenna surrounded by soils with different moisture levels are analyzed numerically. Simplified analytical approaches are employed to accelerate the optimization of the given antenna for microwave heating systems. The improved antenna design shows a good matching of the antenna to the surrounding soil with varying moisture levels. This ensures a high efficiency of the proposed in-situ soil decontamination system.
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