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Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

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Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

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Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Rate of biliary ducts' decompression by the tumorous obstructive jaundice].

Khirurgiia·2011
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[The role of biliary decompression and correction of dysbiosis in the treatment of obstructive jaundice].

Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk·2011
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[Postoperative biliary complications after liver resections].

Khirurgiia·2011
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[Intraoperative injuries of bile ducts].

Khirurgiia·2010
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[Relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression with activation of sphingomyelinase and lipid peroxidation after removal of cholestatic factor].

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[Chronic pancreatitis: resective and decompressive procedures].

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Related Experiment Video

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Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
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[The classification of obstructive jaundice severity].

E I Gal'perin, O N Momunova

    Khirurgiia
    |January 17, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study simplifies obstructive jaundice classification by removing total protein and prothrombin index, improving accuracy in predicting patient outcomes and surgical risks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Surgical Gastroenterology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Obstructive jaundice presents a significant clinical challenge, necessitating accurate severity assessment for effective management.
    • Existing classification systems for obstructive jaundice often incorporate multiple laboratory and clinical factors, potentially complicating their application.
    • Distinguishing between benign and malignant causes of jaundice is critical for treatment planning and prognosis.

    Observation:

    • A cohort of 338 patients with obstructive jaundice (2004-2012) underwent examination and surgical treatment.
    • Laboratory data (total bilirubin, total protein, prothrombin index) and complications (cholangitis, renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis) were analyzed.
    • A scoring system was developed, assigning higher weights to complications and malignancy factors compared to bilirubin levels, to grade jaundice severity (A, B, C).

    Findings:

    • Analysis revealed that total protein and prothrombin index did not significantly alter the severity grading of obstructive jaundice.
    • Excluding total protein and prothrombin index from the classification system did not compromise the reliability of severity assessment.
    • The simplified classification effectively correlated with postoperative outcomes, including lethality and complication rates.

    Implications:

    • A simplified grading system for obstructive jaundice, excluding total protein and prothrombin index, can enhance clinical utility and reliability.
    • This streamlined approach facilitates more accurate prediction of postoperative results, aiding in surgical decision-making.
    • Further research could validate this simplified classification in diverse patient populations and refine its application in clinical practice.