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Related Concept Videos

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Selection in autotetraploids.

R R Hill1

  • 1Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Regional Pasture Research Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|January 17, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selection response is consistently higher in diploid than autotetraploid populations. Relaxing selection pressure in autotetraploids alters genetic makeup, potentially decreasing population mean for traits with dominance.

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Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Plant breeding

Background:

  • Understanding genetic response to selection is crucial for crop and livestock improvement.
  • Autotetraploid organisms present unique genetic dynamics compared to diploids.
  • Previous theoretical models suggested differences in selection response between ploidy levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically compare the response to selection in diploid versus autotetraploid populations.
  • To investigate the impact of relaxed selection on autotetraploid population structure.
  • To analyze how selection coefficients influence disease resistance breeding in autotetraploids.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of selection response across different ploidy levels.
  • Analysis of genetic changes in autotetraploid populations under relaxed selection.
  • Simulation of selection coefficients related to disease resistance.

Main Results:

  • Response to selection is theoretically greater in diploids than autotetraploids at equal gene frequencies.
  • Situations with minimal selection response are more common in autotetraploids.
  • Moderate 'escape from infection' can significantly reduce selection response in disease resistance programs.
  • Relaxed selection in autotetraploids leads to changes in zygotic constitution, potentially decreasing the population mean for dominant traits.

Conclusions:

  • Diploid populations offer a more predictable and potentially greater response to selection compared to autotetraploids.
  • Autotetraploid breeding strategies require careful consideration of relaxed selection effects and dominance.
  • Understanding selection coefficients is vital for effective disease resistance breeding in autotetraploid systems.