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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
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Patterns of nitrogen utilization in the soybean.

P S Thibodeau1, E G Jaworski

  • 1Monsanto company, 800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard, 63166, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soybean nitrogen fixation and nitrate reductase activity shift during the growing season. Nitrogen fixation peaks as nitrate reductase declines, suggesting competition for resources impacts plant development and can cause nitrogen stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) relies on both nitrate uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation for nitrogen.
  • Understanding the interplay between these nitrogen sources is crucial for optimizing crop yield and nitrogen management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seasonal dynamics of nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrogen fixation in field-grown soybeans.
  • To elucidate the competitive relationship between nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation during critical growth stages.

Main Methods:

  • Field-grown soybeans were monitored throughout the growing season.
  • Nitrate reductase activity in leaves and nitrogen fixation by root nodules were quantified.
  • Leaf total and water-soluble protein content were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Nitrate reductase activity closely mirrored leaf nitrate concentration, declining sharply after flowering and by 80-95% at mid-pod fill.
  • Nitrogen fixation activity showed a reciprocal pattern, peaking at early pod fill when nitrate reductase activity was low.
  • Leaf protein content increased to mid-pod fill then dropped significantly, correlating with nitrogen fixation decline.

Conclusions:

  • A competitive relationship exists between nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation, with fixation becoming dominant post-flowering.
  • Resource competition between nodules and developing pods for photosynthate likely drives nitrogen fixation decay and foliar protein breakdown.
  • Environmental factors at critical stages can disrupt these processes, leading to nitrogen stress, flower, and pod abscission.