Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

994
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
994
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

52.8K
Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
52.8K
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

3.9K
Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
3.9K
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

10.0K
ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
10.0K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

12.6K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
12.6K
ATP Yield01:31

ATP Yield

66.4K
Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
66.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence, location and concurrent diseases of ultrasonographic cyst-like lesions of abdominal lymph nodes in dogs.

The Veterinary record·2017
Same author

Evidence that the variable chlorophyll fluorescence in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is not recombination luminescence.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence studies on photosynthetic mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: origin of the kinetic decay components.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

The quenching characteristics of potassium iridic chloride and their meaning for the origin of chlorophyll fluorescence components.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

The relationship between non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and the rate of photosystem 2 photochemistry in leaves.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

Chlorophyll fluorescence and photoinhibition in a tropical rainforest understory plant.

Photosynthesis research·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
12:06

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Published on: November 5, 2013

14.2K

Changes in the flash-induced oxygen yield pattern by thylakoid membrane phosphorylation.

N K Packham1, M Hodges, A L Etienne

  • 1Laboratorie de photosynthese, CNRS, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Photosynthesis Research
|January 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Thylakoid membrane protein phosphorylation partially inhibits oxygen evolution by affecting electron transfer between QA and QB in photosystem 2 (PS2). This leads to increased S-state misses, explaining the observed inhibition.

More Related Videos

Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting
08:40

Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.2K
Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers
11:10

Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers

Published on: February 28, 2011

23.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
12:06

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Published on: November 5, 2013

14.2K
Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting
08:40

Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.2K
Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers
11:10

Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers

Published on: February 28, 2011

23.3K

Area of Science:

  • Photosynthesis research
  • Plant biochemistry
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Thylakoid membrane protein phosphorylation is known to partially inhibit oxygen evolution in photosystem 2 (PS2).
  • The inhibition site is proposed to be between the QA and QB plastoquinone acceptors on the PS2 acceptor side.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of thylakoid membrane phosphorylation on oxygen evolution kinetics.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which phosphorylation inhibits PS2 activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of flash oxygen yield oscillations.
  • Application of the recurrence matrix model to oxygen release patterns.
  • Examination of S-state transitions in PS2.

Main Results:

  • Thylakoid phosphorylation increases damping of quaternary oscillations and fast deactivation of the S2 state.
  • Phosphorylation decreases the equilibrium constant for QA/QB electron exchange.
  • Increased probability of PS2 missing S-state transitions by 20% was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Thylakoid protein phosphorylation inhibits oxygen evolution by affecting QA/QB electron exchange.
  • A double miss in S-state transitions, due to retained QA(-), accounts for the 15-20% inhibition.
  • This mechanism explains the reduced efficiency of photosystem 2 under phosphorylation conditions.