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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
3.4K
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
5.5K
Joints01:26

Joints

28.7K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
28.7K
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

4.8K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
4.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

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Acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

Ashish Babhulkar1, Aditya Pawaskar

  • 1Department of Shoulder and Sports Injuries, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411 004, docshoulder@gmail.com.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|January 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations, particularly Type III, lack surgical consensus. This review analyzes current surgical options, techniques, and complications for AC joint injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a frequent sports-related injury.
  • Management of Type III AC joint dislocations remains controversial, with no clear consensus on operative versus non-operative treatment.
  • Surgical techniques for AC joint repair are diverse, including mechanical fixation, synthetic materials, and biologic reconstructions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the available surgical options for acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations.
  • To review existing literature on AC joint injury management.
  • To detail current anatomic repair techniques and associated complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of surgical management for AC joint dislocations.

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  • Analysis of different fixation methods: mechanical, synthetic, and biologic.
  • Evaluation of open versus arthroscopic surgical approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variability exists in surgical approaches for AC joint dislocations.
    • No single technique is universally favored for Type III AC joint injuries.
    • Complications associated with various surgical methods require careful consideration.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for AC joint dislocation treatment.
    • The choice of surgical technique should be individualized based on patient factors and surgeon expertise.
    • Understanding the risks and benefits of each surgical option is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.