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Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

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Updated: May 4, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies

Published on: March 2, 2018

Therapeutic inflammatory monocyte modulation using immune-modifying microparticles.

Daniel R Getts¹, Rachael L Terry, Meghann Teague Getts

¹The Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

Science Translational Medicine

|January 17, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Negatively charged microparticles target inflammatory monocytes via MARCO, leading to spleen sequestration and apoptosis. This approach effectively reduces inflammation and disease symptoms in various mouse models.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biomaterials Science
Pathology

Background:

Inflammatory monocytes are key drivers in many diseases.
Current treatments lack specificity for modulating these cells.
Targeting inflammatory monocytes offers a potential therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the therapeutic potential of immune-modifying microparticles (IMPs) for inflammatory diseases.
To elucidate the mechanism of IMP uptake and action on inflammatory monocytes.

Main Methods:

Administration of negatively charged IMPs (polystyrene, microdiamonds, PLGA) to mouse models.
Analysis of monocyte uptake via the MARCO receptor.
Assessment of monocyte trafficking, spleen sequestration, and apoptosis.
Evaluation of disease severity and tissue repair in models of myocardial infarction, EAE, colitis, peritonitis, and encephalitis.

Main Results:

IMPs were efficiently taken up by inflammatory monocytes through MARCO in an opsonin-independent manner.
IMPs induced monocyte sequestration in the spleen and subsequent caspase-3-mediated apoptosis.
IMP treatment significantly reduced monocyte accumulation at inflammatory sites across multiple disease models.
Disease symptoms were ameliorated, and tissue repair was promoted following IMP administration.

Conclusions:

IMPs effectively modulate inflammatory monocyte function by promoting their clearance.
This mechanism involves MARCO receptor interaction, spleen sequestration, and apoptosis.
IMPs demonstrate broad therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases driven by monocytes.