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Quantitative characterization of clumping in Scots pine crowns.

Pauline Stenberg, Matti Mõttus, Miina Rautiainen

    Annals of Botany
    |January 17, 2014
    PubMed
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    Forest canopy clumping, crucial for radiation absorption, is not affected by tree size or growth conditions. Instead, whole-stand clumping variations arise from tree spatial patterns, not individual crown self-shading.

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    Area of Science:

    • Forestry science
    • Plant physiology
    • Ecological modeling

    Background:

    • Accurate characterization of forest canopy structure is essential for estimating absorbed radiation and photosynthetic production.
    • Understanding crown-level clumping is key to improving canopy radiation models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how tree size and growth conditions influence crown-level clumping in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).
    • To assess the effectiveness of statistical canopy radiation models in quantifying self-shading due to clumping.

    Main Methods:

    • Generated 3-D Scots pine trees using the LIGNUM model.
    • Calculated crown-level clumping via the crown silhouette to total needle area ratio (STAR(crown)).
    • Compared results with a stochastic modeling approach using geometric shapes.

    Main Results:

    • Crown clumping was found to be independent of tree height, needle area, and growth conditions.
    • The stochastic approach effectively characterized clumping when the outer crown shell was accurately represented.

    Conclusions:

    • Whole-stand clumping index variation is primarily driven by the spatial arrangement of trees (e.g., stand age), not by self-shading within individual crowns.
    • Individual crown self-shading does not significantly increase with tree size.