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Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: September 22, 2023
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease A review…from the past
Pedro J Garcia-Ruiz1, K Ray Chaudhuri2, Pablo Martinez-Martin3
1Department of Neurology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) has been classically defined as a motor disorder, a range of non-motor symptoms (NMS) including cognitive, mood, autonomic and sleep disturbances occur with the passage of time. Although it seems that the non-motor aspect of PD is a recent observation, classic authors (James Parkinson, Charcot, Gowers, Oppenheim and Wilson) had described many NMS including pain, fatigue, bladder dysfunction, cognitive decline and delusion. In this review we have collated the classic literature of NMS in PD.
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