Diagnosis and classification of IgA nephropathy

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Immunology

Background:

• IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent form of glomerulonephritis globally.
• Its diagnosis is marked by IgA deposits in the kidney's glomeruli.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical evolution of IgAN diagnostic criteria.
• To discuss controversial aspects of the Oxford Classification for IgAN.
• To highlight the current lack of disease-specific treatments and future therapeutic directions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of diagnostic criteria evolution.
• Analysis of the Oxford Classification's controversial elements.
• Synthesis of current understanding of IgAN pathogenesis.

Main Results:

• IgAN diagnosis relies on characteristic IgA deposition.
• Clinical factors like proteinuria, creatinine, and hypertension predict disease progression.
• The Oxford Classification offers histological insights but remains debated.

Conclusions:

• Current management lacks targeted IgAN therapies.
• Understanding pathogenesis is key for future diagnosis, monitoring, and targeted treatments.
• Further research is needed to develop effective disease-specific therapies for IgAN.