Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

7.6K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
7.6K
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

7.7K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
7.7K
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

893
DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
893
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

1.8K
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
1.8K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

671
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
671
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

1.3K
Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigation of spectral performance for single-scan contrast-enhanced breast CT using photon-counting technology: A phantom study.

Medical physics·2020
Same author

Dedicated Breast Computed Tomography With a Photon-Counting Detector: Initial Results of Clinical In Vivo Imaging.

Investigative radiology·2019
Same author

Metal Artifact Reduction in X-ray Computed Tomography Using Computer-Aided Design Data of Implants as Prior Information.

Investigative radiology·2017
Same author

Securing safe and informative thoracic CT examinations-Progress of radiation dose reduction techniques.

European journal of radiology·2016
Same author

Dose Optimization for Computed Tomography Localizer Radiographs for Low-Dose Lung Computed Tomography Examinations.

Investigative radiology·2016
Same author

Technical feasibility proof for high-resolution low-dose photon-counting CT of the breast.

European radiology·2016
Same journal

Effective contrast-enhanced preprocessing for intracranial artery segmentation in digital subtraction angiography.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Improving Plan Quality in Adaptive Proton Therapy Using an Interactive Dose Modification Tool.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Technical Note: Real-Time MLC Control and Latency Measurement Optimization with External Verification.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Fetus-Specific Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dosimetry Framework for Leukemia-Relevant Target Cells During Prenatal Development.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Deep learning-based dose prediction to enhance planning efficiency in cervical brachytherapy with hybrid applicators.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum: Referenceless MR thermometry-a comparison of five methods (2017<i>Phys. Med. Biol</i>.<b>62</b>1-16).

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

18.9K

Dose in x-ray computed tomography.

Willi A Kalender1

  • 1Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|January 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) is increasingly scrutinized. This review details CT dose metrics, patient dosimetry, and optimization strategies, highlighting advancements in dose reduction for safer medical imaging.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography
08:13

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: February 16, 2016

21.6K
Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer
11:31

Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer

Published on: May 20, 2016

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

18.9K
In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography
08:13

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: February 16, 2016

21.6K
Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer
11:31

Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer

Published on: May 20, 2016

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology
  • Health Physics

Background:

  • Increasing global utilization of X-ray computed tomography (CT) necessitates attention to radiation dose.
  • Current methods for scanner output metrics and patient dosimetry require critical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess current concepts in CT scanner output metrics and patient dosimetry.
  • To discuss strengths, weaknesses, and controversial issues, including the CT dose index (CTDI).
  • To explore patient dose assessment, current dose levels, and optimization strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and practices in CT dosimetry.
  • Discussion of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for dose estimation.
  • Analysis of technical innovations and their impact on dose reduction.

Main Results:

  • Patient dose assessment requires further improvement and international consensus.
  • Current effective dose estimates are often crude and not patient-specific; organ dose data is scarce.
  • Fast MC simulations enable accurate, patient-specific dose estimates independent of CTDI phantom measurements.
  • Significant dose optimization has been achieved, with some applications below 1 mSv.

Conclusions:

  • A trend towards lower radiation doses in CT is evident due to technical advancements.
  • Patient-specific and organ-specific dose information, particularly 3D dose distributions, aids optimization.
  • Continued research and international collaboration are crucial for advancing patient dosimetry in CT.