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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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An ecological function and services approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) prioritization.

Robert K Hall1, David Guiliano, Sherman Swanson

  • 1USEPA Region IX, WTR2, 75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA, hall.robertk@epa.gov.

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Summary

Prioritizing nonpoint source pollution control requires assessing ecosystem functions, not just water quality. Evaluating riparian proper functioning condition offers early indicators of degradation for effective watershed management.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Traditional Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development relies on in-stream water quality data, effective for point source pollution but less so for nonpoint source (NPS) impairments.
  • Prioritizing NPS management requires a shift towards assessing and restoring ecosystem physical functions within watersheds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of assessing ecological functions, specifically riparian proper functioning condition (PFC), as an alternative or complementary approach to traditional water quality monitoring for NPS TMDL development.
  • To identify early indicators of water quality degradation linked to ecosystem function decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Proper Functioning Condition (PFC) protocol for stream and wetland riparian areas.
  • Integrated water quality data and remote sensing imagery to analyze sediment sources, transport, and impacts.
  • Applied these methods in the Upper Reese River, Nevada, a case study for NPS pollution.

Main Results:

  • Assessments of ecological function, particularly riparian PFC, provide leading indicators of water quality degradation.
  • Traditional in-stream water quality monitoring showed a delayed response to ecological function deterioration.
  • The PFC protocol aided in identifying sediment-related impairments in the Upper Reese River.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluating ecosystem functions, like riparian PFC, is a more effective strategy for prioritizing NPS TMDL development and identifying pollution sources.
  • This functional assessment approach allows for earlier detection of water quality issues and more targeted pollution control measures.
  • Restoring ecosystem physical functions is crucial for long-term watershed health and water quality improvement.