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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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[Circadian rhythm disruption and human development].

Jun Kohyama1

  • 1Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms in children develop over time and can be disrupted by environmental factors. Early sleep disturbances may indicate later developmental disorders, requiring careful attention.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Human ontogeny involves the development of biological rhythms, including rest-activity, sleep-wakefulness, temperature, and hormone cycles.
  • Environmental influences significantly impact the maturation of these circadian rhythms during early life.
  • Disruptions in these rhythms are observed in various early-life conditions.

Purpose:

  • To review the ontogenetic development of key circadian rhythms in humans.
  • To summarize environmental effects on these developmental alterations.
  • To describe early-life disorders associated with circadian rhythm disruptions.

Summary:

  • The review details the maturation of rest-activity, sleep-wakefulness, temperature, and hormone rhythms in humans.

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  • Environmental factors influencing these developmental changes are discussed.
  • Conditions linked to circadian disruption include severe brain damage, visual impairment, autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Rett syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, epilepsy, Yonaki, and poor sleep hygiene.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the link between early-life sleep disturbances and later developmental disorders.
    • Emphasizes the need for vigilance regarding sleep issues in young children.
    • Suggests early identification of circadian rhythm disruptions may aid in predicting or mitigating developmental disorders.