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Related Concept Videos

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
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[Hypertension and circadian rhythm].

Satoshi Hoshide1, Kazuomi Kario1

  • 1Department of Sleep and Circadian Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 21, 2014
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Summary

Abnormal blood pressure (BP) rhythms, like high sleep BP and morning surges, predict cardiovascular events in hypertension. Further research is needed to confirm if these BP rhythm abnormalities can guide treatment independently of average BP levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Circadian Biology

Context:

  • Ambulatory BP monitoring reveals abnormal circadian BP rhythms in hypertensive patients.
  • These rhythms include absent nocturnal BP fall, elevated sleep BP, and exaggerated morning BP surges.
  • These BP patterns are linked to target organ damage and cardiovascular events, irrespective of average BP levels.

Purpose:

  • To investigate whether abnormal circadian BP rhythms serve as an independent therapeutic target in hypertension.
  • To evaluate the potential of BP rhythm abnormalities as a biomarker for guiding antihypertensive treatment, beyond average BP values.

Summary:

  • Hypertensive patients with abnormal BP circadian rhythms face higher risks of cardiovascular events.
  • The clinical utility of targeting these BP rhythm abnormalities, independent of mean BP, remains uncertain.
  • Existing intervention studies provide insufficient evidence to establish abnormal BP rhythms as a distinct therapeutic target.

Impact:

  • Highlights the prognostic significance of BP circadian rhythm abnormalities in hypertension.
  • Underscores the need for further clinical trials to validate BP rhythm-based treatment strategies.
  • May inform future guidelines for personalized antihypertensive therapy based on circadian BP patterns.