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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
1.3K
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

544
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
544
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
484
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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[Rheumatoid arthritis].

Hideto To1

  • 1Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to daily rhythms of inflammatory cytokines. Chronotherapies, or timing treatments, may offer new ways to manage RA symptoms effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Chronobiology

Context:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis involves multiple criteria, with morning stiffness being a hallmark symptom.
  • Elevated inflammatory cytokines are central to RA pathogenesis, found in blood and synovial fluid.
  • These cytokines exhibit circadian rhythms, peaking overnight, correlating with RA morning stiffness.

Purpose:

  • To introduce the concept of circadian rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To discuss the role of inflammatory cytokines in RA pathogenesis and their daily fluctuations.
  • To explore chronotherapies as a potential treatment strategy for RA.

Summary:

  • Morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a key diagnostic feature.
  • Circadian rhythms of inflammatory cytokines, peaking from midnight to early morning, mirror the timing of RA morning stiffness.

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  • Steroids and methotrexate are current RA treatments, but understanding RA's circadian nature may lead to optimized chronotherapies.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the connection between daily biological rhythms and RA symptom timing.
    • Suggests potential for chronotherapy to improve RA management by aligning treatment with disease activity cycles.
    • Provides a foundation for further research into timing-based interventions for autoimmune diseases.