Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

55
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
55
Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

296
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
296
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

2.2K
Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
2.2K
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

2.4K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Limited nesting stress in mice as a model to study neuroimmune relationships in postpartum depression.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Mast Cells in the Brain: Enduring Mysteries, Emerging Roles.

Cells·2026
Same author

Research note: Gentle versus severe feather pecking: effects of synbiotic feed supplementation under chronic stress in laying hens.

Poultry science·2026
Same author

FOXO1 transcription factor modulates airway epithelial responses to viral infection.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Preference and behavioral responses to synbiotic supplementation via drinking water in laying hens under social stress.

Poultry science·2026
Same author

Untargeted Metabolomics of Human Airway Epithelium Reveals Neuroactive Signatures Linked to Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Enrichment and Allergen Exposure.

Metabolites·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

9.8K

Probiotics and lung immune responses.

Paul Forsythe1

  • 11 Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Microbe-based therapies show promise for respiratory diseases, but clinical success requires a knowledge-based approach. Understanding how specific bacterial components interact with immune cells is key to developing effective probiotic treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Probiotics show potential for treating asthma and respiratory infections.
  • Current clinical trials for respiratory probiotics have yielded limited success.
  • An empirical approach to probiotic selection is insufficient for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the need for knowledge-based selection of probiotic strains, dosages, and administration methods.
  • To highlight the role of animal models in elucidating bacterial immunomodulatory mechanisms.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding microbe-host interactions for developing effective respiratory therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal model studies identifying mechanisms of bacterial immunomodulation.

More Related Videos

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

11.9K
Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

9.8K
Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

11.9K
Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

9.6K
  • Analysis of dendritic cell phenotype and function changes induced by microbes.
  • Investigation into how bacterial structural motifs activate pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Microbe-induced changes in dendritic cells are crucial for orchestrating immune responses.
    • These responses involve T cells, natural killer cells, and alveolar macrophages.
    • Specific bacterial components activate distinct pattern recognition receptors, directing immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Future development of microbe-based therapeutics for respiratory diseases necessitates a shift from empirical to knowledge-based strategies.
    • A deeper understanding of bacterial structural motifs and their interaction with dendritic cells is essential.
    • This knowledge will enable the rational design of probiotics for targeted immune modulation in respiratory conditions.