Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

229
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
229
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

229
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
229
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

220
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
220
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

159
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
159
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

295
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
295
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

928
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
928

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rates of assaults among New York City Transit workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2018 - 2023.

Research square·2026
Same author

Nurse Practitioner-Led, Same-Day, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Delivery Program for People Who Inject Drugs in the United States: Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC·2026
Same author

Climate change and mental health burden among caregivers in California.

The Gerontologist·2026
Same author

Wellbeing in essential workers: The role of family-related risk and coworker support.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine·2026
Same author

Mental Health Disparities From Climate Change: The Role of Housing Insecurity and LGBTQ+ Identity, California, 2023.

American journal of public health·2026
Same author

Levamisole in opioid overdose patients: An evolving adulterant landscape.

Addictive behaviors·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

13.5K

Racial susceptibility for QT prolongation in acute drug overdoses.

Alex F Manini1, Barry Stimmel2, David Vlahov3

  • 1Division of Medical Toxicology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Electrocardiology
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Race impacts drug-induced QT prolongation in acute overdose patients. Black patients showed increased odds, while Hispanic patients had decreased odds of QT prolongation, highlighting racial disparities in cardiovascular risk.

Keywords:
OverdoseQT prolongationRacial differences

More Related Videos

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.1K
Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

13.5K
Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.1K
Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • QT prolongation is a known predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in poisoning cases.
  • Understanding demographic factors associated with drug-induced QT prolongation is crucial for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between race and the occurrence of drug-induced QT prolongation in patients presenting with acute overdose.
  • To identify potential racial disparities in cardiovascular risk following drug overdose.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at two urban teaching hospitals.
  • Consecutive adult patients with acute drug overdose were enrolled over two years.
  • Long-QT was defined by standard criteria (QTc>470 ms in females, >460 ms in males), and the association with race was analyzed, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

  • The study analyzed 472 patients (46% female, mean age 42.3 years), with 12.7% experiencing QT prolongation.
  • Black patients exhibited a two-fold increased odds of drug-induced QT prolongation (OR 2.01).
  • Hispanic patients demonstrated a 48% decreased odds of drug-induced QT prolongation (OR 0.52).

Conclusions:

  • Significant racial susceptibility to drug-induced QT prolongation was observed in this urban acute overdose cohort.
  • Findings suggest race is an important factor in the risk of QT prolongation following drug overdose.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observed racial differences.