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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Professional differences in antigen presentation to iNKT cells.

Gennaro De Libero1, Lucia Mori1

  • 1Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland and Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.

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Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are lymphocytes that respond to CD1d-antigen complexes. While any CD1d-positive cell can present antigens, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are still crucial for iNKT cell activation.

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Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell aAPC Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are a unique lymphocyte population.
  • iNKTs recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules.
  • CD1d-positive cells can present antigens, suggesting broad iNKT cell activation potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in activating invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs).
  • To determine if professional APCs offer unique advantages in iNKT cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved co-culture experiments with iNKT cells and various CD1d-positive cell types.
  • Analysis of iNKT cell activation markers and cytokine production in response to different APCs.

Main Results:

  • While non-professional APCs can present CD1d-antigen complexes, professional APCs elicit a more robust iNKT cell response.
  • Professional APCs demonstrate superior capacity for iNKT cell activation and cytokine secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Professional APCs play a distinct and important role in modulating invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) responses.
  • The type of APC significantly influences the outcome of iNKT cell activation, despite the broad potential of CD1d-positive cells.