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A 20-year Swedish study showed combined prevention programs reduced cholesterol and blood pressure but increased type 2 diabetes and obesity. Further strategies are needed for hyperglycemia and obesity control.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) pose significant public health burdens.
  • Effective strategies are needed to modify risk factor distributions and identify high-risk individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in glucose levels and CVD risk factors over two decades.
  • To assess the impact of a combined individual and population-based prevention program in Västerbotten County, Sweden.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based health promotion intervention was implemented.
  • Annual health assessments were offered to individuals aged 40, 50, and 60.
  • Data from 1991-2010 included oral glucose tolerance tests, biochemical measures, and questionnaires, analyzed using linear regression and age-standardization.

Main Results:

  • Cholesterol and systolic blood pressure significantly declined in both men and women.
  • Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia decreased.
  • However, 2-hour plasma glucose and Body Mass Index (BMI) increased, leading to higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Combined individual and population-based strategies show potential for CVD risk factor management.
  • There is an urgent need for additional interventions targeting hyperglycemia and obesity.