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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

5.0K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.1K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

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The Organoid Reconstitution Assay ORA for the Functional Analysis of Intestinal Stem and Niche Cells
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The Organoid Reconstitution Assay ORA for the Functional Analysis of Intestinal Stem and Niche Cells

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Intestinal stem cells and their defining niche.

David Wei-Min Tan1, Nick Barker2

  • 1Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intestinal stem cells reside at the crypt base, renewing the gut lining. Recent advances clarify their location, niche components like Paneth cells, and regulatory factors, aiding research into gut health.

Keywords:
Intestinal stem cellLineage tracingSelf-renewalSignaling pathwaysStem cell markersStem cell niche

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Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research
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Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Cell Biology
  • Focuses on the intestinal epithelium, a model for self-renewing tissues.

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium is rapidly self-renewing, driven by stem cells at the crypt base.
  • Two historical models for intestinal stem cell location exist, with ongoing scientific debate.
  • Understanding stem cell behavior is crucial for gut health and disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in identifying and characterizing intestinal stem cells.
  • To elucidate the composition and function of the intestinal stem cell niche.
  • To provide an updated perspective on intestinal stem cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes molecular markers and advanced techniques like in vivo lineage tracing.
  • Employs ex vivo organoid culture systems for studying stem cell behavior.
  • Integrates findings from studies on epithelial and stromal compartments.

Main Results:

  • Identified and validated key molecular markers for intestinal stem cells.
  • Characterized the intestinal stem cell niche, including epithelial (e.g., Paneth cells) and stromal components.
  • Demonstrated the regulatory roles of niche factors on stem cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research has significantly advanced the understanding of intestinal stem cell identification and their niche.
  • The intestinal stem cell niche is a complex interplay of cellular and molecular factors.
  • Continued research promises further insights into gut regeneration and therapeutic strategies.