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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...
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Intestinal barrier dysfunction triggered by invasive bacteria.

F Barreau1, J P Hugot2

  • 1Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR 843, F-75018 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR 843, F-75018 Paris, France; Labex inflamex, F-75018 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|January 21, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal barrier function controls gut uptake and protection. Enteropathogenic bacteria disrupt this barrier by altering transcellular permeability and tight junctions (TJ), impacting human diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Intestinal barrier function regulates mucosal uptake and protects the gut from luminal substances.
  • Transepithelial transport occurs via paracellular (tight junctions) and transcellular routes.
  • Enteropathogenic bacteria are known to compromise intestinal barrier integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying bacteria-induced intestinal barrier defects.
  • To discuss the implications of these defects in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms of intestinal barrier function.
  • Analysis of how enteropathogenic bacteria modulate barrier integrity.
  • Discussion of disease consequences.

Main Results:

  • Enteropathogenic bacteria enhance transcellular permeability, particularly in follicle-associated epithelium.
  • Bacteria induce tight junction (TJ) protein redistribution and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activation.
  • These alterations lead to a compromised intestinal barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular mechanisms of bacteria-induced barrier defects involve modulation of TJ and increased transcellular transport.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing associated human diseases.