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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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1.8K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.0K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.0K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.0K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy
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High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

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A new paradigm for transcription factor TFIIB functionality.

Vladimir Gelev1, Janice M Zabolotny1, Martin Lange2

  • 11] Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA [2].

Scientific Reports
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factor TFIIB is not universally required for RNA polymerase II transcription. TFIIB is dispensable for many human genes but essential for herpes simplex virus-1, offering potential antiviral strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) is complex and varies across gene promoters.
  • The general transcription factor TFIIB has been considered universally essential for RNAP2 transcription initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the universal requirement of TFIIB in RNAP2 transcription initiation.
  • To explore the role of TFIIB in human gene expression and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) replication.
  • To identify novel functions and regulation of TFIIB.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of existing data.
  • TFIIB knockdown experiments in primary and transformed cell lines.
  • Assessment of cellular functionality and global gene expression.
  • Analysis of TFIIB localization during the cell cycle.

Main Results:

  • TFIIB is dispensable for the transcription of numerous human promoters.
  • TFIIB is essential for HSV-1 gene transcription and viral replication.
  • A novel cell cycle-dependent regulation and localization of an acetylated TFIIB variant on mitotic chromatids was identified.

Conclusions:

  • TFIIB's role in human gene expression is more nuanced than previously assumed, challenging the paradigm of its universal necessity.
  • TFIIB's essentiality for HSV-1 suggests potential therapeutic targets for antiviral interventions.
  • Downregulation of TFIIB exhibits potent anti-HSV-1 effects.