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Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
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The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Measuring Contralateral Silent Period Induced by Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Investigate M1 Corticospinal Inhibition
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Not so "silent":the human prefrontal cortex.

Prakash Narain Tandon1

  • 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; National Brain Research Centre, Nainwal More, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.

Neurology India
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The human prefrontal cortex, once a mystery, is now understood through advanced imaging. This review highlights its crucial roles in cognition, emotion, and self-awareness.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The human prefrontal cortex was historically termed the "silent area" due to limited understanding.
  • It is the largest and most recent evolutionary addition to the mammalian brain, distinguishing human capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent significant observations on the functions and connectivity of the human prefrontal cortex.
  • To provide insights relevant to cognitive scientists and clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Review of modern electrophysiological techniques.
  • Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
  • Examination of positron emission tomography (PET) and SPECT imaging findings.

Main Results:

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  • The prefrontal cortex plays a vital role in memory, thought, and emotions.
  • It is integral to moral judgment, social behavior, and reward evaluation.
  • The area is critical for assessing fairness and is fundamental to self-awareness.

    • Conclusions:

    • Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of prefrontal cortex functions.
    • Connectivity studies reveal intricate networks supporting complex human behaviors.
    • This knowledge is crucial for both cognitive science research and clinical applications.