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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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Screening for lung cancer.

Helmut Prosch1, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop

  • 1aDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria bRadiologie, Meander Medical Center, Ameersfoort und Radboud Universitaet, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) lung cancer screening significantly reduces mortality by 20% per the National Lung Screening Trial. Further research is needed to address overdiagnosis and false positives in lung cancer screening.

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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.
  • Early detection through screening is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) has emerged as a promising tool for lung cancer screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of current data on LD-CT lung cancer screening.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and challenges associated with LD-CT screening protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key clinical trials, including the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and European trials.
  • Analysis of data regarding lung cancer mortality reduction, false-positive rates, and overdiagnosis.
  • Assessment of optimized protocols for nodule workup in LD-CT screening.

Main Results:

  • The NLST demonstrated a statistically significant 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality with LD-CT screening.
  • Three European trials, though underpowered, did not confirm the mortality benefit.
  • High rates of false positives (over 24% in NLST) and overdiagnosis are significant challenges.
  • The majority of positive screens (96.4%) were found to be benign.

Conclusions:

  • The NLST remains the sole sufficiently powered trial confirming LD-CT screening's mortality benefit.
  • Long-term follow-up data from European trials are pending.
  • Further investigation is required into the potential harms of LD-CT screening, including overdiagnosis, false positives, and cumulative radiation dose effects.