Life cycle assessment of CO2 capture and utilization: a tutorial review

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Sustainability Studies

Background:

• Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) offers a pathway to mitigate CO2 emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a critical tool for quantifying the environmental advantages of CCU technologies.
• A clear understanding of LCA methodologies is essential for accurate assessment of CCU's environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a jargon-free introduction to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU).
• To identify and illustrate nine key aspects of conducting an LCA for CCU processes.
• To serve as a practical checklist for researchers and practitioners new to LCA of CCU.

Main Methods:

• The review synthesizes existing knowledge on LCA principles and their application to CCU.
• It identifies critical decision points and data requirements for a comprehensive LCA.
• Illustrative examples of CCU applications are used to demonstrate practical implementation of LCA steps.

Main Results:

• Nine essential aspects for conducting an LCA of CCU were identified and presented as actionable items.
• The review provides a structured approach for novices to navigate the complexities of LCA for CCU.
• The identified aspects cover the entire LCA process, from goal setting to interpretation.

Conclusions:

• This tutorial enhances the accessibility and application of LCA for evaluating CCU technologies.
• It empowers novices to conduct robust LCAs, ensuring reliable assessment of CCU's environmental performance.
• Future developments in LCA for CCU are expected to encompass all sustainability dimensions: environmental, social, and economic.