Awareness, perceptions and knowledge of strabismus among patients visiting a tertiary eye clinic in Southwest Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions, knowledge of the causes, implications and treatment of strabismus in a black population. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a total sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were performed using a structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, perceived causes, effect and treatment of squint were investigated. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential (bivariate and binary regression) analysis. A total of 405 respondents (49.6 % male, 50.4 % female) were interviewed. Ages ranged from 11 ± 90 years (mean 41.26 ± 19.00). Modal age group was 17-44 (56 %). Levels of education showed that 22.0 % had no education, while primary, secondary and tertiary levels were 12.6, 31.6 and 33.8 %, respectively. Approximately 75 % of patients were aware of strabismus. Perceived causes were unknown to 53 % while 18.0 and 12 % mentioned eye disease and congenital-related, respectively. There was no knowledge of treatment in 54 % of patients, while 21 and 25 % knew about medical and surgical treatment, respectively. The effects on social and family life were stigmatization/social misfit (23 %), psychosocial/self pity/depression/inferiority complex (88 %), burden (economic/time) (7 %), and poor cosmesis (5 %). Females were significantly more aware than males (p = 0.043, OR 0.6, CI 0.399-0.986). Age (p = 0.187) and level of education (p = 0.321) had no significant relationship with the levels of awareness. Respondents who had no education were 1.25 times less likely to be aware of squint than those who had education (OR 0.8, CI 0.693-1.642). The awareness of the cause, effects and treatment of strabismus is poor in this population. Females were more aware than males.