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Gallbladder

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Bile

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Duplicated gallbladder.

Hiroaki Shiba¹, Takeyuki Misawa, Ryusuke Ito

¹1 Department of Surgery and 2Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

International Surgery

|January 22, 2014

Summary

Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly. Imaging revealed a Y-shaped duplicated gallbladder in a patient presenting with gallbladder wall thickening.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Medicine
Medical Imaging and Radiology
Congenital Anomalies

Background:

Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 3800 individuals.
Congenital biliary tract anomalies can present subtly, often discovered incidentally during routine medical examinations.

Observation:

A 38-year-old woman presented with gallbladder wall thickening identified during an abdominal ultrasonography.
The patient underwent further diagnostic imaging for the detected gallbladder abnormality.

Findings:

Drip infusion cholecystocholangiography-computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of gallbladder duplication.
The imaging demonstrated a rare Y-shaped configuration of the duplicated gallbladders.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing rare congenital biliary anomalies.
Accurate identification of gallbladder duplication is crucial for appropriate clinical management and surgical planning.
Understanding the spectrum of gallbladder anomalies aids in differentiating them from acquired pathologies.