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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
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Cognitive emotion regulation in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Larissa Wolkenstein1, Julia C Zwick1, Martin Hautzinger1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|January 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) habitually use fewer adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies and more maladaptive ones, even when not experiencing an episode. These ER deficits may contribute to recurrent mood disorders.

Keywords:
Affective disordersBipolarCERQDepressionEmotion regulationEuthymic

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Emotion regulation (ER) deficits are hypothesized to be central to bipolar disorder (BD).
  • Individuals with BD show increased stress reactivity and prolonged recovery.
  • It remains unclear if ER deficits are a stable trait or episode-specific in BD and if they are unique to BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if euthymic individuals with BD exhibit distinct habitual cognitive ER strategies compared to healthy controls (HC) and those with a history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
  • To determine if ER strategy use is specific to BD or shared with other mood disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing cognitive ER strategies (using the CERQ) in euthymic individuals with BD (n=42), MDD (n=43), and HC (n=39).
  • Participants reported on their habitual use of ER strategies in response to negative affect.

Main Results:

  • Euthymic BD and MDD individuals reported significantly increased use of maladaptive strategies (rumination, catastrophizing, self-blame) compared to HC.
  • Both BD and MDD groups showed decreased use of adaptive strategies (positive reappraisal, putting into perspective) compared to HC.
  • No significant differences in habitual ER strategy use were found between the BD and MDD groups.

Conclusions:

  • Habitual emotion regulation (ER) strategy deficits may characterize individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) even when euthymic.
  • These ER deficits could play a role in the recurrence of affective episodes in BD and MDD.
  • Future research should employ objective measures and examine spontaneous ER strategy use in euthymic BD populations.