Interferon induction by endotoxin-derived nontoxic polysaccharides

Polysaccharide-rich preparations from Serratia marcescens-derived endotoxin and components thereof, including Lipid A, were studied in terms of their ability to induce interferon (IFN) activity in murine spleen cell cultures in vitro. Although the polysaccharide-rich derivatives, similar to intact endotoxin, were only weak stimulators for IFN induction, pretreatment of splenocyte cultures with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) significantly increased IFN-inducing activity. Both an endotoxin-derived polysaccharide and a "White type" polysaccharide prepared from intact Serratia had similar ability to induce IFN in vitro, but only when spleen cells were first treated with IL-2. The polysaccharide preparations were nontoxic as compared with the high degree of toxicity of the intact endotoxin, yet induced similar IFN levels as whole endotoxin. Much of the IFN induced by these preparations was of the gamma type, since activity was either not neutralized or only incompletely neutralized by treatment with anti-alpha/beta interferon antibody.