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Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

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Developing a comprehensive scale to assess college multicultural programming.

Brent Mallinckrodt¹, Joseph R Miles¹, Tripti Bhaskar¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee.

Journal of Counseling Psychology

|January 23, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing the Everyday Multicultural Competencies/Revised Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (EMC/RSEE) provides a brief tool to assess multicultural programming outcomes. This 48-item scale measures diverse competencies, including empathy and awareness of privilege.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Education
Sociology

Background:

Assessing multicultural programming effectiveness is hindered by a lack of brief, comprehensive measurement tools.
Multicultural programming often aims to increase cultural empathy, but also encompasses broader competencies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a brief instrument to measure a wide range of multicultural competencies in undergraduates.
To create a tool that assesses outcomes beyond just cultural empathy.

Main Methods:

Focus groups with campus administrators, student affairs staff, and instructors identified key multicultural competencies.
An 84-item pool was combined with the 31-item Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (SEE), forming a 115-item pool.
Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory principles were used to refine the scale in undergraduate samples (n=602, n=676).

Main Results:

A 48-item scale, the Everyday Multicultural Competencies/Revised SEE (EMC/RSEE), was developed with 6 subscales: Cultural Openness, Resentment/Dominance, Anxiety/Self-Efficacy, Empathic Perspective-Taking, Awareness of Racism/Privilege, and Empathic Feeling/Allyship.
The EMC/RSEE demonstrated good factor stability, reliability, and discriminant validity.
Subscales showed low correlation with impression management and significant association with Openness to Diversity Challenge and Universal-Diverse Orientation.

Conclusions:

The 48-item EMC/RSEE is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing undergraduate multicultural competencies.
This scale offers a practical tool for evaluating the effectiveness of multicultural programming.
The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of multicultural competencies, extending beyond empathy to include awareness of social dynamics and self-efficacy.