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Fecal microbiota imbalance in Mexican children with type 1 diabetes

María Esther Mejía-León1, Joseph F Petrosino2, Nadim Jose Ajami2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México.

Scientific Reports
|January 23, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Gut microbiota alterations, specifically increased Bacteroides, are observed in children newly diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This dysbiosis may play a role in T1D development, but further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease in children.
  • Gut barrier integrity and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis are implicated in T1D pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in T1D is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the fecal microbiota structure in mestizo children with and without Type 1 Diabetes.
  • To investigate potential correlations between gut microbial composition and T1D onset and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal DNA was extracted from 29 children (8 T1D at onset, 13 T1D after 2 years treatment, 8 controls).
  • The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using 454-pyrosequencing.
  • Clinical data and predisposing haplotypes were collected.

Main Results:

  • Newly diagnosed T1D cases exhibited significantly higher levels of the genus Bacteroides compared to controls (p < 0.004).
  • The control group's gut microbiota was predominantly composed of Prevotella.
  • Children with T1D treated for over 2 years showed microbial levels intermediate between newly diagnosed cases and controls.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota composition is altered in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.
  • While Bacteroides abundance is a distinguishing feature, the causal role of gut dysbiosis in T1D remains to be elucidated.
  • Further studies are required to determine if observed microbial changes are a cause or consequence of T1D.

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