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Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Structural and functional brain changes in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.

Natalia García-Casares¹, Marcelo L Berthier¹, Ricardo E Jorge²

¹Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S), Malaga, Spain.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD

|January 23, 2014

Summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes brain changes. This study found T2DM patients have reduced gray matter and glucose metabolism in fronto-temporal regions, independent of vascular factors.

Keywords:

cognition magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging positron emission tomography type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
The exact mechanisms linking T2DM to brain dysfunction, whether direct metabolic effects or secondary to vascular disease, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate structural and metabolic brain differences in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls.
To explore the relationship between T2DM disease characteristics and neuroimaging findings.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study comparing 25 T2DM patients and 25 matched healthy controls.
Utilized structural MRI (voxel-based morphometry) and F-18 FDG-PET for assessing gray matter density and cerebral glucose metabolism.
Analyzed clinical data including HbA1c, T2DM duration, and HOMA-IR.

Main Results:

T2DM patients exhibited reduced gray matter density and cerebral glucose metabolism in fronto-temporal regions, even after controlling for vascular risk factors.
Within the T2DM group, longer disease duration, higher HbA1c, and HOMA-IR correlated with diminished gray matter and metabolism in these brain areas.

Conclusions:

T2DM is associated with structural and metabolic abnormalities in fronto-temporal brain regions.
These T2DM-related brain changes are not solely attributable to T2DM's role as a cardiovascular risk factor.