Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

1.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
1.8K
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

5.9K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
5.9K
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Nitriles and Carboxylic Acids01:24

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Nitriles and Carboxylic Acids

3.7K
Although it is possible to reduce a carboxylic acid to an aldehyde, strong reducing agents, like lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), prohibit a controlled reduction, instead causing the generated aldehyde to instantly over-reduce to a primary alcohol.
Reducing carboxylic acid derivatives like acyl chlorides (RCOCl), esters (RCO2R′), and nitriles (RCN) using milder aluminum hydride agents like lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride [LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3] and diisobutylaluminum hydride [DIBAL-H]...
3.7K
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

3.2K
There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.
3.2K
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

1.9K
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
1.9K
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

6.9K
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Surface engineering of MnO<sub>2</sub>/nitrogen-doped porous carbon with a protic ionic liquid toward efficient electrochemical oxygen reduction in alkaline solution.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Anionic Effects on Lithium-Ion Transport in Highly Concentrated Lithium Salt/Propylene Carbonate Solutions.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2026
Same author

Protic Ionic Liquids in Contrast to Aprotic Analogs: Transport Properties and Electrochemical Reactivity.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Lotus-Shaped CuO/ZnO Nanocomposites with Tunable Band Gap for UVA-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

In Situ Room-Temperature Spontaneous Gelation Coupled with Asymmetric Viologen for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Palladium-Conductive Metal Organic Framework Interaction Enhances the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Electrolyte.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

17.4K

Protic ionic liquids and salts as versatile carbon precursors.

Shiguo Zhang1, Muhammed Shah Miran, Ai Ikoma

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Novel nitrogen-rich precursors offer a simple route to high-performance carbon materials (CMs). These materials exhibit excellent properties like high surface area, nitrogen content, and conductivity, with potential applications in catalysis.

More Related Videos

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.4K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

71.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

17.4K
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.4K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

71.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional methods for synthesizing carbon materials (CMs) often involve complex procedures and expensive polymer precursors.
  • There is a growing need for cost-effective and versatile precursors for advanced CMs.
  • Nitrogen-doped CMs are particularly interesting due to their enhanced properties for catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore easily prepared, nitrogen-containing protic ionic liquids and salts as novel small-molecule precursors for CMs.
  • To investigate the direct carbonization of these precursors without additional treatments.
  • To characterize the resulting CMs for their yield, surface area, nitrogen content, graphitization, conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nitrogen-containing protic ionic liquids and salts as precursors.
  • Performed direct carbonization of precursors without further treatment.
  • Characterized carbon materials using techniques to determine yield, specific surface area (BET), nitrogen content (elemental analysis), graphitization (Raman spectroscopy), conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity (cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode).

Main Results:

  • Achieved high yields of carbon materials (up to 95.3%) via direct carbonization.
  • Produced CMs with tunable properties, including high specific surface area (up to 1380 m²/g) and high nitrogen content (up to 11.1 wt%).
  • Demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media by a high-surface-area, pyridinic-N-rich carbon, comparable to commercial Pt/C catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen-containing protic ionic liquids and salts are effective, low-cost precursors for synthesizing advanced carbon materials.
  • The direct carbonization method offers a simplified and versatile approach to producing CMs with desirable properties.
  • The developed CMs show significant potential for applications in electrocatalysis, particularly for the oxygen reduction reaction.