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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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Functional divergence for every paralog.

Patricia S Soria1, Kriston L McGary, Antonis Rokas

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene duplication allows functional divergence (FD) across multiple traits. Most yeast gene pairs show divergence across protein, expression, and growth levels, with traits largely independent.

Keywords:
Saccharomyces sensu strictogene expressiongenetic interactiongrowth assayortholog conjectureprotein sequence evolutionwhole-genome duplication

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a major source of new genes.
  • Functional divergence (FD) allows paralogs to acquire new functions.
  • FD across multiple phenotypic levels is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the profile of FD across phenotypic levels in yeast ohnologs.
  • To determine if FD is correlated across different phenotypic levels.
  • To assess the prevalence of functional redundancy versus divergence in paralogs.

Main Methods:

  • Examined yeast ohnolog pairs originating from whole-genome duplication.
  • Quantified FD using eight complementary measures across protein, gene expression, and organismal growth levels.
  • Analyzed correlations of FD measures within and between phenotypic levels.

Main Results:

  • The majority of ohnolog pairs exhibited FD across multiple phenotypic measures.
  • FD measures were strongly correlated within phenotypic levels.
  • FD measures showed weak correlations between different phenotypic levels, indicating decoupled constraints.
  • Functional redundancy was found to be a rare outcome for retained paralogs.

Conclusions:

  • Functional divergence in paralogs occurs across multiple phenotypic levels.
  • Phenotypic levels are largely independently constrained, leading to decoupled FD.
  • A comprehensive understanding of FD requires multi-level phenotypic analysis, as single-level measures are insufficient.