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Updated: May 3, 2026

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Systemic therapeutic approaches to advanced thyroid cancers.

Michael E Menefee1, Robert C Smallridge1, Keith C Bible1

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American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting
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PubMed
Summary

New systemic therapies offer hope for metastatic thyroid cancers, including medullary and differentiated types. While some drugs are approved, research continues for more effective treatments for all thyroid cancer stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Limited effective systemic therapies existed for metastatic thyroid cancers until recently.
  • Advances in understanding cancer signaling pathways have improved treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in systemic therapies for metastatic thyroid cancers.
  • To highlight approved and emerging treatments for medullary, differentiated, and anaplastic thyroid cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and FDA approvals.
  • Analysis of drug mechanisms targeting specific cancer pathways (e.g., RET kinase, VEGF-R).

Main Results:

  • Vandetanib approved for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) delays progression.
  • VEGF-R inhibitors show high response rates in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treatment progress is slower, benefiting from early systemic therapy combined with surgery/radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in treating metastatic MTC and DTC with targeted therapies.
  • Further development of systemic agents is crucial for improving outcomes in all types of metastatic thyroid cancer, including ATC.