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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

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Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

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In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
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Transformylating amine with DMF to formamide over CeO2 catalyst.

Yehong Wang1, Feng Wang, Chaofeng Zhang

  • 1Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR. China. wangfeng@dicp.ac.cn xujie@dicp.ac.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel method efficiently converts diverse amines into formamides using dimethylformamide (DMF) and a cerium dioxide (CeO2) catalyst. This water-tolerant process avoids harsh additives, offering a greener synthetic route.

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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Formamides are crucial intermediates in organic synthesis.
  • Efficient and environmentally friendly formylation methods are highly sought after.
  • Existing methods often require harsh conditions or specialized reagents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new, efficient protocol for amine formylation.
  • To utilize a heterogeneous catalyst for improved sustainability.
  • To achieve high yields with a broad substrate scope.

Main Methods:

  • Employing dimethylformamide (DMF) as the formylating agent.
  • Utilizing cerium dioxide (CeO2) as a heterogeneous catalyst.
  • Investigating the reaction conditions for various amine substrates.

Main Results:

  • Successful formylation of primary, secondary, aromatic, and alkyl amines.
  • Achieved good to excellent yields of the corresponding formamides.
  • Demonstrated catalyst stability and reusability (implied).

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol offers a robust and versatile method for formamide synthesis.
  • The use of CeO2 catalyst provides a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
  • The reaction's tolerance to water simplifies experimental procedures.