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Genetic variations and head and neck cancer risks.

Nosheen Masood1, Azra Yasmin, Mahmood Akhtar Kayani

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Genetic variations in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes are linked to head and neck cancer. This review analyzes these genes at DNA, mRNA, and protein levels within a single study group.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic variations in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 are frequently observed in head and neck cancer across diverse populations.
  • Existing studies provide population-level overviews, necessitating a focused analysis within a consistent study group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review genetic variations of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 at DNA, mRNA, and protein levels.
  • To consolidate findings from studies utilizing the same sample group for a unified understanding of gene alterations in head and neck cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of eight publications analyzing CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1.
  • Examination of genetic alterations at DNA, mRNA, and protein expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Significant CYP1A1 mutations (g.2842A>C, g.2842_2843insT) found in head and neck cancer patients.
  • GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions showed protective effects; GSTP1 mutations (e.g., g.2848A>T) were identified.
  • mRNA/protein analysis revealed CYP1A1 underexpression, GSTM1/GSTT1 loss or underexpression, and GSTP1 overexpression, including an unusual intronic variant.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides a complete overview of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 variations at multiple molecular levels in head and neck cancer.
  • Findings can inform the design of novel experiments and gene therapies for head and neck cancer patients.