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DNA barcoding of Dutch birds.

Mansour Aliabadian1, Kevin K Beentjes2, C S Kees Roselaar2

  • 1Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

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Summary

DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene accurately identifies Dutch bird species. This method revealed unique genetic barcodes for most species, highlighting potential new taxa and recent radiations.

Keywords:
AvesCOIconservationcytochrome c oxidase subunit Itaxonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biodiversity Studies

Background:

  • Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing is a validated method for animal species identification.
  • DNA barcoding has been increasingly applied to avian studies for taxonomic and biodiversity assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of DNA barcoding using the COI gene for identifying bird species in the Netherlands.
  • To analyze genetic diversity within and between avian species in a geographically constrained region.
  • To identify potential cryptic species or taxonomic discrepancies within Dutch avifauna.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the COI gene from 387 individuals representing 147 bird species from the Netherlands.
  • Analysis of intraspecific (average 0.29%) and interspecific (average 9.54%) genetic divergences.
  • Haplotype network analysis to visualize genetic relationships and identify shared or divergent barcodes.

Main Results:

  • 95% of the studied bird species possessed unique DNA barcodes.
  • Six species of gulls and skuas (Larus and Stercorarius) exhibited shared barcodes, suggesting recent radiation and hybridization.
  • The Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) displayed deep intraspecific divergences (up to 8.68%), potentially indicating two distinct taxa (S. curruca and S. blythi).

Conclusions:

  • DNA barcoding of the COI gene provides high-resolution identification for known Dutch bird species.
  • The study identified specific avian groups (gulls, skuas, Lesser Whitethroat) requiring further taxonomic investigation.
  • Even well-studied regions like the Netherlands hold potential for new ornithological discoveries through molecular approaches.