Using DNA barcoding to differentiate invasive Dreissena species (Mollusca, Bivalvia)

Area of Science:

• Aquatic Ecology
• Invasive Species Biology
• Molecular Ecology

Background:

• Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) are highly invasive in European and North American freshwater ecosystems.
• Distinguishing between these two species can be challenging due to phenotypic plasticity, despite existing shell characteristics.
• Reliable identification methods are essential for effective management of these invasive species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of DNA barcoding for accurate species identification within the Dreissena genus.
• To determine if the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene can serve as a reliable barcode for differentiating zebra and quagga mussels.

Main Methods:

• DNA extraction from adult Dreissena individuals.
• Amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.
• Analysis of COI gene sequences for species-specific variations.

Main Results:

• The COI gene sequences allowed for clear differentiation between zebra mussel and quagga mussel individuals.
• DNA barcoding using COI proved to be a rapid and accurate method for identifying adult Dreissena species.
• This molecular approach overcomes the limitations of traditional morphological identification.

Conclusions:

• DNA barcoding targeting the COI gene is a highly effective tool for the precise identification of invasive Dreissena mussels.
• This method supports ecological research and management strategies for controlling zebra and quagga mussel populations.
• The COI gene serves as a robust animal DNA barcode for species discrimination in the genus Dreissena.