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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Asymmetrical hip bone density in multiple sclerosis.

Rebecca D Larson1, Lesley J White1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

International Journal of MS Care
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) in their more affected leg. This suggests screening both hips is important for early detection of bone loss in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Bone Health

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause asymmetrical lower-extremity weakness.
  • This asymmetry may lead to differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between limbs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether ambulatory individuals with MS and moderate-to-severe lower-extremity paresis exhibit asymmetrical femoral neck BMD.
  • To determine if the more affected limb shows lower BMD.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure proximal femoral neck BMD.
  • Participants included ambulatory individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (N=23).

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant lower BMD was observed in the proximal femoral neck of the more paretic limb (P = .001).
  • This indicates a clear asymmetry in bone density related to limb impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings suggest potential compromised bone health in the more affected limb of individuals with RRMS.
  • Bilateral hip screening may aid in early detection of bone loss in this population.
  • Further research is needed to understand bone loss mechanisms and optimize bone health strategies in MS.