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Related Concept Videos

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

7.8K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
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Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

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In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
8.7K
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

12.6K
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
12.6K

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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RbH2AsO4.

Berthold Stöger1

  • 1Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Division of Structural Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rubidium di-hydrogenarsenate (RbH2AsO4) was synthesized and characterized. Its room-temperature paraelectric phase features a 3D hydrogen-bonded network of [AsO2(OH)2](-) anions and Rb(+) cations.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Rubidium di-hydrogenarsenate (RbH2AsO4) is a crystalline material with potential applications in dielectric devices.
  • Understanding its crystal structure and phase behavior is crucial for material optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and determine the crystal structure of RbH2AsO4 in its paraelectric room-temperature phase.
  • To elucidate the bonding and network formation within the material.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis via partial neutralization of arsenic acid with rubidium carbonate.
  • X-ray crystallography for structure determination.

Main Results:

  • RbH2AsO4 was successfully synthesized.
  • The paraelectric phase exhibits a 3D network of [AsO2(OH)2](-) anions linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • Rubidium cations are located in <100> channels, coordinated by eight oxygen atoms.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of RbH2AsO4 in its paraelectric phase was determined.
  • The hydrogen bonding network and cation coordination provide insights into its dielectric properties.