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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
21.9K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

143
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
143
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

2.2K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
2.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.4K

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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
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Olivine-type NaCd(AsO4).

Matthias Weil1

  • 1Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Division of Structural Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium cadmium orthoarsenate was found to adopt the olivine structure type. This crystal structure features a unique arrangement of sodium, cadmium, and arsenate ions within octahedral and tetrahedral voids.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The olivine structure is a common motif in minerals and synthetic compounds.
  • Understanding the structural variations in olivine-type compounds is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of sodium cadmium orthoarsenate.
  • To elucidate the atomic arrangement and site occupancies within the olivine framework.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the crystal structure.
  • The structure was refined in space group Pnma, consistent with the olivine type.

Main Results:

  • Sodium cadmium orthoarsenate crystallizes in the olivine structure type.
  • Sodium and cadmium atoms substitute for magnesium sites in the olivine framework.
  • The arsenate tetrahedra replace silicate tetrahedra.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully determined the crystal structure of sodium cadmium orthoarsenate.
  • The findings provide insights into cation ordering and structural characteristics of olivine analogues.