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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

66.1K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
66.1K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

5.8K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Bis(l-serinium) oxalate dihydrate: polymorph II.

Marta Kulik1, Aleksandra Pazio2, Krzysztof Wozniak2

  • 1Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an improved crystal structure for a l-serinium oxalate salt hydrate. The research details the molecular arrangement and hydrogen bonding within this crystalline material.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Polymorphism in organic salts can significantly influence material properties.
  • Understanding the precise crystal structure is crucial for predicting and controlling these properties.
  • 2C3H8NO3(+)·C2O4(2-)·2H2O is an organic salt with potential applications where specific structural characteristics are beneficial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine and present an accurate crystal structure of polymorph II of 2C3H8NO3(+)·C2O4(2-)·2H2O.
  • To elucidate the intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
  • To characterize the channel formation and guest molecule (water) inclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to collect diffraction data.
  • The crystal structure was refined using anisotropic displacement parameters for non-hydrogen atoms.
  • All hydrogen atoms were located and included in the structural model.

Main Results:

  • A corrected and improved crystal structure for polymorph II of the l-serinium oxalate salt hydrate was determined.
  • The compound is confirmed as a molecular salt due to charged moieties.
  • Extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding (O-H···O, N(+)-H···O) was identified, linking cations, anions, and water molecules.
  • A network of channels along the [100] direction was observed, accommodating crystallization water molecules.
  • The dihedral angle between the carboxylate groups of the oxalate dianion was determined to be 10.2(3)°.

Conclusions:

  • The detailed crystal structure provides a fundamental understanding of the solid-state arrangement of this molecular salt.
  • The identified hydrogen bonding network and channel structure are key features influencing the material's properties.
  • This structural information is vital for further research into the physical and chemical behavior of this compound.