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Pericytes: brain-immune interface modulators.

Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado1, Adrian M Cabañas-Morales1, Beatriz Gómez-Gónzalez1

  • 1Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico City, Mexico.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Brain pericytes, crucial for the blood-brain barrier, modulate immune cell entry and function. Understanding their immune properties is key to brain health and disease.

Keywords:
REM sleep lossblood–brain barrierbrain endothelial cellcytokinesimmune responseinflammationpericytestight junction disruption

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The central nervous system's immune privilege is partly maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • While endothelial cells are well-studied, other BBB components like pericytes are less understood.
  • Pericytes are mesenchymal cells integral to the BBB's structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underappreciated immune roles of pericytes within the central nervous system.
  • To explore how pericytes influence immune cell migration and BBB permeability.
  • To highlight the importance of pericytes in maintaining the brain-immune interface.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pericyte ultrastructure and capillary coverage.
  • Assessment of pericyte protein expression.
  • Review of existing literature on pericyte-immune cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Pericytes synergize with endothelial cells to regulate capillary permeability via secreted factors and contraction.
  • Pericytes influence leukocyte migration by expressing adhesion molecules and chemokines.
  • Under physiological conditions, pericytes exhibit immune-suppressive properties.

Conclusions:

  • Pericytes play a significant role in regulating immune cell traffic and BBB integrity.
  • Further research into pericyte function is vital for understanding neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Pericytes are critical mediators of the brain-immune interface.