Bariatric surgery in moderately obese patients: a prospective study

Area of Science:

• Bariatric Surgery
• Metabolic Disorders
• Obesity Management

Background:

• Moderate obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m²) affects 25% of Western populations.
• Bariatric surgery's role in this demographic is debated, often reserved for comorbidities.
• Conservative medical treatment is the current standard for moderate obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and comorbidities.
• To assess the impact of bariatric surgery on BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 25 patients with Grade I obesity and comorbidities underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy).
• Patients were selected based on BMI (30-35 kg/m²) and presence of T2DM, hypertension, or OSA.
• Follow-up was conducted over a mean of 12.4 months.

Main Results:

• Average BMI decreased from 33.2 kg/m² to 27.2 kg/m² (a 6-point reduction).
• Significant improvements were observed in comorbidities: 86% of T2DM patients discontinued medication, 87% of hypertension patients achieved remission or improvement, and OSA patients experienced complete remission.
• One postoperative complication (trocar site bleeding) was successfully managed.

Conclusions:

• Bariatric surgery is a valid and effective treatment option for selected patients with moderate obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m²) and associated comorbidities.
• The findings suggest potential for broader application of bariatric surgery in this patient group in the future.
• Surgical intervention can lead to substantial improvements in metabolic health and quality of life.