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Aptamers: problems, solutions and prospects.

A V Lakhin1, V Z Tarantul1, L V Gening1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatov Sq., Moscow, Russia, 123182.

Acta Naturae
|January 24, 2014
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Summary

Aptamers, or specific DNA/RNA molecules, show promise for diagnostics and therapy but face challenges. This review explores obstacles and solutions for broader aptamer applications in medicine.

Keywords:
SELEXaptamerdiagnosticsproblemstherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules with high affinity and specificity for target molecules.
  • Developed over 20 years ago, aptamer technology was anticipated to revolutionize diagnostics and disease therapy.
  • Despite initial promise, practical applications of aptamers have yielded less success than expected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the key challenges hindering the widespread clinical use of aptamers.
  • To explore potential strategies and approaches for overcoming these limitations.
  • To expand the scope of aptamer applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on aptamer selection and application.
  • Analysis of factors limiting aptamer efficacy in clinical settings.
  • Discussion of innovative methods to enhance aptamer performance and utility.

Main Results:

  • Several obstacles impede the efficient translation of aptamer technology into routine clinical practice.
  • Existing aptamer selection and application methods require refinement to meet therapeutic and diagnostic demands.
  • New approaches show potential for improving aptamer stability, delivery, and target recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the identified challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of aptamers.
  • Further research into optimizing aptamer design and delivery systems is necessary.
  • Overcoming current limitations could significantly broaden aptamer use in personalized medicine and disease management.