Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
09:31

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.0K

High prevalence of severe circulatory complications with diazoxide in premature infants

Kayo Yoshida1, Masahiko Kawai, Chieko Marumo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Neonatology
|January 25, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Diazoxide is a common treatment for infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HIH) in Japan. However, studies show it carries risks, especially circulatory complications in premature infants, necessitating careful monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diazoxide prescription for infantile hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HIH) has increased in Japan since 2008.
  • Reports of diazoxide-associated complications are concurrently rising.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trends and challenges in treating infants with HIH nationwide in Japan.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of diazoxide in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide surveillance study was conducted in Japan.
  • Questionnaires were distributed to 255 institutions within the Japanese Neonatologist Association.
  • Data collected covered neonatal HIH cases from 2009 to 2011.

Main Results:

  • 119 cases of transient HIH (THIH) and 15 cases of permanent/genetic HIH (PHIH) were reported.
  • Diazoxide was administered to 53.8% of THIH infants and 14 PHIH/genetic cases.
  • Circulatory complications occurred in 15 infants, with younger gestational age and higher diazoxide doses identified as risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Diazoxide is a primary treatment for HIH in Japanese infants, but prophylactic diuretics are rarely used.
  • A significant incidence of severe circulatory complications was observed in very-low-birth-weight infants.
  • Further research into risk mitigation strategies for diazoxide therapy in HIH is warranted.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.0K
Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System07:34

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Published on: May 5, 2018

11.1K

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
1.0K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
3.2K
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
175
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
554
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
790
Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
2.3K