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Perspective on CFD studies of coronary artery disease lesions and hemodynamics: a review
Jun-Mei Zhang1, Liang Zhong, Boyang Su
1National Heart Center Singapore, Mistri Wing 17, 3rd Hospital Avenue, 168752, Singapore.
Insights
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) aids in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) severity by analyzing blood flow dynamics. This review explores CFD
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Accurate assessment of CAD severity is crucial for effective treatment planning.
- Current diagnostic methods have limitations in fully capturing physiological significance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To explore CFD's role in quantifying hemodynamic parameters and their relation to CAD severity.
- To discuss advancements in patient-specific CFD modeling for CAD.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical diagnostic indices and imaging technologies for CAD.
- Analysis of image-based CFD simulation techniques for vascular pathophysiology.
- Examination of patient-specific modeling in CFD, including geometry reconstruction and boundary conditions.
- Investigation of CFD applications at stenotic sites to compute hemodynamic parameters.
Main Results:
- CFD simulations provide detailed hemodynamic insights into CAD.
- CFD can elucidate the relationship between hemodynamic conditions and clinical indices.
- CFD aids in assessing myocardial viability and candidacy for interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention.
Conclusions:
- CFD is a powerful tool for understanding CAD pathophysiology and severity.
- Advancements in CFD modeling enhance patient-specific analysis for CAD.
- Further research is needed to address the strengths and limitations of CFD in CAD studies.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis of CAD's physiological significance is of utmost importance for guiding individualized risk-tailored treatment strategies. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art clinical diagnostic indices to quantify the severity of CAD and the associated invasive and noninvasive imaging technologies in order to quantify the anatomical parameters of diameter stenosis, area stenosis, and hemodynamic indices of coronary flow reserve and fractional flow reserve. With the development of computational technologies and CFD methods, tremendous progress has been made in applying image-based CFD simulation techniques to elucidate the effects of hemodynamics in vascular pathophysiology toward the initialization and progression of CAD. So then, we review the advancements of CFD technologies in patient-specific modeling, involving the development of geometry reconstruction, boundary conditions, and fluid-structure interaction. Next, we review the applications of CFD to stenotic sites, in order to compute their hemodynamic parameters and study the relationship between the hemodynamic conditions and the clinical indices, to thereby assess the amount of viable myocardium and candidacy for percutaneous coronary intervention. Finally, we review the strengths and limitations of current researches of applying CFD to CAD studies.
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