Antimicrobial-induced Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pharmacology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed medications.
• While generally safe, antimicrobials can lead to significant adverse effects.
• Renal and electrolyte disturbances are known complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential renal and electrolyte complications associated with antimicrobial use.
• To emphasize the importance of early recognition and management of these adverse effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of antimicrobial-induced nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances.
• Analysis of common antimicrobial agents linked to renal adverse events.
• Discussion of mechanisms of renal injury and electrolyte imbalance.

Main Results:

• Antimicrobials, particularly vancomycin and aminoglycosides, are associated with acute renal failure.
• Mechanisms include acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and vasculitis.
• Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are also significant concerns.

Conclusions:

• Prompt identification and correction of antimicrobial-related renal and electrolyte abnormalities are essential.
• Vigilance is required to prevent severe sequelae from antimicrobial therapy.