Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
Published on: July 12, 2022
CodaChrome: a tool for the visualization of proteome conservation across all fully sequenced bacterial genomes
Joe Rokicki, David Knox, Robin D Dowell1
1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder CO, USA. robin.dowell@colorado.edu.
Background:
The relationships between bacterial genomes are complicated by rampant horizontal gene transfer, varied selection pressures, acquisition of new genes, loss of genes, and divergence of genes, even in closely related lineages. As more and more bacterial genomes are sequenced, organizing and interpreting the incredible amount of relational information that connects them becomes increasingly difficult.
Results:
We have developed CodaChrome (http://www.sourceforge.com/p/codachrome), a one-versus-all proteome comparison tool that allows the user to visually investigate the relationship between a bacterial proteome of interest and the proteomes encoded by every other bacterial genome recorded in GenBank in a massive interactive heat map. This tool has allowed us to rapidly identify the most highly conserved proteins encoded in the bacterial pan-genome, fast-clock genes useful for subtyping of bacterial species, the evolutionary history of an indel in the Sphingobium lineage, and an example of horizontal gene transfer from a member of the genus Enterococcus to a recent ancestor of Helicobacter pylori.
Conclusion:
CodaChrome is a user-friendly and powerful tool for simultaneously visualizing relationships between thousands of proteomes.
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